Surgery of the Foot and Ankle
Podiatric surgery is surgery performed on
the foot, ankle, or lower leg by highly
qualified podiatric foot and ankle surgeons
who are trained specifically to deal with
these problems.
The problems may result from birth defects, heredity, trauma,
arthritis, physical stress, improper shoes, muscle and joint
imbalances, and even the hard surfaces on which you walk.
The important fact to remember is that podiatric foot and
ankle surgeons are the physicians most thoroughly trained
to manage these problems.
Podiatric surgery differs from other surgical procedures because
of the special characteristics and functions of the lower extremity.
In addition to supporting your weight, the foot is subjected to
repeated abuse with each step. Providing immediate treatment
and preserving the best function possible are key factors in
podiatric surgery.
What Causes Foot and Ankle Problems?
Foot and ankle problems are quite common and include:
congenital, acquired, traumatic, infectious, neoplastic and
arthritic. When foot and ankle problems occur at birth,
they are called congenital and are generally inherited.
Acquired problems may result from improper footwear, physical
stress, or small mechanical changes within the foot, which can
slowly increase with aging.
Traumatic problems are associated with injuries to the foot and
ankle such as a sprained or broken ankle or a fracture of the foot.
Infectious problems are the result of bacterial, viral, or fungal
disorders that may affect superficial or deep tissues.
Neoplastic disorders (tumors) are the result of abnormal growth
of tissue and may be benign or malignant.
Arthritic disorders may involve one or more joints and may
be secondary to trauma or associated with systemic disease.
What Conditions Respond Well to Surgery?
Conditions that are often alleviated through surgical
procedures include:
- Sprains and fractures
- Arthritis and joint disease
- Benign and malignant tumors
- Birth deformities
- Bunions
- Calluses and warts
- Corns and hammertoes
- Flatfeet
- Heel or toe spurs
- Ingrown toenails
- Neuromas (nerve tumors)
If you have questions about any of these conditions, your
podiatric foot and ankle surgeon can explain the condition
and treatment options.
Why Surgery?
Conservative treatment of many foot and ankle problems often
produces temporary relief of pain. If pain persists, surgery is
sometimes the more definitive answer to a persistent problem
and the best way to prevent more serious conditions. On the
other hand, surgery is not always the best approach for all
patients. Your podiatric foot and ankle surgeon can tell if you
are an appropriate surgical candidate.
Does Foot Surgery Require Hospitalization?
Not usually. Surgical procedures may be performed in the
office or in an outpatient setting. Your podiatric foot and ankle
surgeon is well qualified to discuss the needs of your particular
case. Surgery may be performed under local anesthesia or with
light sedation administered by a trained anesthesia specialist. Your
surgeon will advise you on the best possible postoperative care,
so that your recovery will be rapid and as comfortable as possible.
After Foot Surgery
What is Worn on the Foot Following Surgery?
Each surgical procedure requires a different type of foot
immobilization such as a bandage, splint, surgical shoe, cast,
or open sandal. Good postoperative results require proper foot
support to prevent future problems. Early use of leg and foot
muscles hastens recovery. After sufficient healing time, most
patients can resume wearing their usual footwear.
Is Special Treatment Needed After Surgery?
Many patients require postoperative care, such as physiotherapy,
orthotic devices (foot supports) and special footwear. This care
helps ensure that the results of the operation are long lasting.
Considerations for Diabetics and Older Patients
Is Foot Surgery Advisable for Diabetics?
Diabetics must take special care of their feet. Proper control of
the diabetic’s blood sugar and thorough evaluation of circulation
and healing abilities are necessary before surgery is considered.
Foot and ankle surgery on diabetics who are well controlled
is usually successful and may serve to prevent severe diabetic
complications from occurring.
Are There Risks Involved for Older Patients?
Attention is given to the special needs of older patients. This may
include a consultation with your internist or specialist to evaluate
your condition and determine the safest procedures.
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